Asphalt surfaces face a constant battle against the elements and everyday wear and tear. From the scorching sun to freezing winters, these harsh conditions can take a serious toll, leading to unsightly damage and costly repairs if left unchecked. Knowing the signs of asphalt damage and how to address them can help you stay on top of necessary maintenance and ensure a smooth, safe, surface season after season.
Whether it's cracks, potholes, or surface deterioration, understanding the common types of asphalt damage can save you time, money, and headaches down the road. At Asphalt Doctors, we have over 30 years of experience conducting asphalt repair services all across Denver and the Front Range—here’s some insight into the common types of asphalt damage that we see and our recommended repair methods.
Common Types of Asphalt Damage
Though durable, asphalt surfaces are not immune to various forms of damage that can occur over time.
Cracking
One of the most frequent issues is cracking, which can manifest in several ways, including alligator cracking, linear cracking, or edge cracking. These cracks are often caused by the repeated expansion and contraction of the asphalt from temperature changes or heavy traffic loads. Left unaddressed, they can expand and lead to more significant and costly problems.
Potholes
Another common issue is potholes, which form when water seeps into cracks, erodes the underlying soil, and creates a void. As vehicles pass over these weakened areas, the surface collapses, resulting in a hole. Potholes are not only unsightly but also pose a safety risk for vehicles and pedestrians.
Surface Deterioration
Surface deterioration is another type of damage that occurs when the asphalt binder begins to break down, often due to exposure to UV rays and oxidation. This can lead to raveling, where the top layer of the asphalt loosens and crumbles, or to a more severe loss of the surface layer, leaving the pavement rough and uneven.
Rutting
Lastly, rutting can occur in areas where there is consistent traffic, causing depressions in the asphalt that follow the wheel paths of vehicles. This damage can make the surface uneven, reduce traction, and accelerate other forms of deterioration.
Understanding these common types of asphalt damage is the first step in maintaining your pavement's integrity, but many property owners or managers make the mistake of delaying necessary maintenance or repairs.
The Importance of Asphalt Repair
Damaged asphalt poses significant risks that extend beyond mere cosmetic concerns, such as:
- Safety Hazards: Damaged asphalt can create dangerous tripping hazards for pedestrians and can also lead to vehicle damage, increasing the risk of accidents.
- Structural Integrity: Cracks and potholes may be small at first, but they can quickly worsen, compromising the foundation of the pavement and leading to more severe damage.
- Water Infiltration: Cracks allow water to seep in, eroding the underlying layers and potentially causing extensive and costly repairs.
- Liability Risks: Neglected asphalt can expose property owners to legal liabilities if injuries or vehicle damage occurs due to unsafe pavement conditions.
- Cost Efficiency: Addressing minor damage promptly prevents it from escalating into major repairs, saving both time and money in the long run.
Best Repair Methods for Asphalt Damage
Asphalt damage can be addressed with a variety of repair methods, each tailored to the specific type of damage and the extent of deterioration. Below are the most effective repair techniques for common asphalt issues, including how they work and why they are necessary.
Surface Skin Patching
Surface skin patching is ideal for addressing minor surface damage, such as small cracks and surface deterioration. This method involves applying a thin layer of asphalt over the existing surface to restore its smoothness and appearance. The process begins with cleaning the damaged area to remove any loose debris. Next, a tack coat is applied to ensure the new asphalt adheres properly. Finally, a fresh layer of asphalt is spread over the area and compacted.
Surface skin patching is a quick and cost-effective solution for early-stage damage. It’s particularly useful for addressing raveling or surface-level cracking before these issues escalate into more severe problems, such as potholes. However, it's important to note that this method is best suited for minor damage; more extensive repairs may require a different approach.
Infrared Patching
Infrared patching is a highly effective method for repairing potholes, minor cracks, and surface irregularities. This technique uses infrared technology to heat the damaged asphalt to a workable temperature, making it easier to blend new asphalt into the existing pavement seamlessly. The process begins by heating the affected area with an infrared heater, which softens the asphalt. The softened material is then raked and leveled, and new asphalt is added as needed. The area is then compacted to ensure a smooth finish.
Infrared patching is particularly advantageous because it creates a thermal bond between the old and new asphalt, resulting in a durable, long-lasting repair. It’s a versatile solution that can be used in various weather conditions, making it an excellent choice for year-round repairs. Furthermore, this method is relatively quick, with surfaces being ready for traffic immediately after the process is completed.
Full Depth Patching
For more severe damage, such as deep potholes, extensive cracking, or structural failures, full depth patching is the most appropriate method. This technique involves removing the damaged asphalt and the underlying base material to reach the root of the problem. Once the damaged material is removed, the area is filled with new base material and compacted. A new layer of asphalt is then applied on top and compacted to match the surrounding pavement.
Full depth patching addresses the underlying causes of asphalt failure, making it a more permanent solution than surface-level repairs. It’s essential for maintaining the structural integrity of heavily trafficked areas where surface repairs alone would not be sufficient.
Sealcoating
Sealcoating is a preventative maintenance technique that protects asphalt from the elements and extends its lifespan. It involves applying a protective layer of sealant over the entire asphalt surface. This sealant shields the pavement from UV rays, water, and chemicals, which can cause the asphalt to crack, fade, and deteriorate.
Sealcoating is effective in preventing surface oxidation and slowing down the progression of minor cracks. It also enhances the appearance of the asphalt by restoring its deep black color. While sealcoating doesn’t repair existing damage, it’s an essential step in maintaining the longevity of asphalt surfaces and preventing the need for more extensive repairs in the future.
Crack Sealing
Crack sealing is a targeted repair method used to address individual cracks in the asphalt before they expand and lead to more significant damage. This process involves cleaning the crack to remove debris and moisture, then filling it with a hot rubberized sealant. The sealant is designed to expand and contract with the asphalt, creating a flexible, watertight seal that prevents water from seeping into the pavement and causing further deterioration.
Crack sealing is essential for preserving the integrity of asphalt surfaces, particularly in areas that experience frequent freeze-thaw cycles. By sealing cracks early, you can prevent them from turning into larger issues, such as potholes or alligator cracking.
Each of these repair methods plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and longevity of your asphalt surfaces. From minor patching to full-depth repairs, choosing the right approach depends on the type and extent of damage your pavement has sustained.
Trust the Asphalt Repair Experts
Proper maintenance and timely repairs not only enhance the appearance and safety of your asphalt but also save you money in the long run by preventing the need for more extensive repairs.
For the highest quality asphalt repair services, look no further than the professionals at Asphalt Doctors. With over 30 years of experience, we’re here to ensure your asphalt is maintained to the best possible standard. Contact us today to schedule your asphalt repair or to learn more about why our clients love working with us!